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NAME: Dr. Peter Cardinal TITLE: Medical director, Spirit Physician Services Inc. COMPANY: Holy Spirit Health System YEARS IN FIELD: 37
Q: What makes a mosquito bite or other bug bite itch?
A: When the bug bites you, its venom and saliva enter your body. Your bodys immune system reacts by trying to get rid of this foreign substance, causing you to become itchy where the bug bit you. Most peoples reactions to bug bites are mild itching, stinging, redness and swelling that usually will not last for more than a couple of days.
Q: What should a person do immediately following a bite to minimize the effects?
A: There is nothing that can be done to make a bite not itch or get red. But, thankfully, bites are usually minor irritants and not harmful. If the bite hurts, you can put an ice pack wrapped in a light towel on the bite for a short while. Try not to scratch the bite to the point of breaking the skin open because it can get infected. Very rarely people can have more serious reactions to insect bites, including blistering rashes, bruises or large areas of swelling, such as most of an arm or leg. In extremely rare instances, a person can be so allergic they develop anaphylaxis (difficulty breathing, pounding heart, lightheadedness, severe swelling, etc.). However, these types of reactions are much more often related to stings from bees and wasps.
Q: What do you typically recommend to treat mosquito or bug bites? Are there any home remedies that can help?
A: Usually you do not have to do anything to treat a bite. You can use over-the-counter numbing lotions or sprays to relieve itching. (Look for lidocaine or benzocaine in the ingredients.) If the bites are making it hard to sleep, you can use a sedating oral antihistamine to help you sleep. (Look for diphenhydramine in the ingredients, such as in the brand name Benadryl.)
Q: Is there anything that can be done to prevent bug bites?
A: Biting insects are very active at dawn and dusk when its cooler and they are attracted by plant overgrowth, food and drinks. Stay away from insects you can see and try to keep them off your skin. Stay out of areas of high grass and the woods if possible, and be careful when you are eating outdoors. If you want to be outside, a good way to keep insects off your skin is to wear long-sleeved shirts, long pants, socks and shoes.
Q: Do you recommend the use of insect repellents?
A: Yes. When used properly, EPA-approved insect repellents work on children (not babies) and adults. Spray the repellent on clothing and exposed skin, but dont apply directly to the face. Repellent that is used on children shouldnt contain more than 10 percent DEET. Wash the repellent off with soap and water when you are done with your outdoor activities.
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